The Exporting Process - diagram
Export Documents
Export Declaration
Consular Invoice or Certification of Origin
Bill of Lading
Commercial Invoice
Insurance Policy or certificate
Licenses
Others
Health Certificates
Packing Lists
Etc.
Trade Information Center
http://www.trade.gov/td/tic/
CALL 1-800-USA-TRADE Trade Development International Trade Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
The Trade Information Center is the first stop for information about
all U.S. Federal Government export assistance programs, general export
counseling, and country and regional market information. Please call us
to receive personal export assistance from a trade specialist Monday through
Friday 8:30 a.m. until 5:30 p.m. (EST).
Suppose that we wanted to further develop trade leads
between Canada and Mexico
http://www.trade.gov/td/tic/
NAFTA Certificate of Origin and Rules of Origin: Overview
Posted By: Trade Information Center
NEW!! NAFTA updates from the June 2001 "Export America"
Find out the basics about filling out the NAFTA Certificate of Origin
Investigate Mexican Trade Regulations
We choose: Country Information, NAFTA, Customs Information, Documentation
- Customs
Preparation of Documents
The basic Mexican import document is the "pedimiento de importacion."
This document must be accompanied by a commercial invoice (in Spanish),
a bill of lading, and documents demonstrating guarantee of payment of additional
duties for undervalued goods if applicable, and documents demonstrating
compliance with Mexican product safety and performance regulations if applicable.
Import documentation may be prepared and submitted by a licensed Mexican
Customs broker, or by an importer with sufficient experience in completing
the documents.
We want to know what type of middleman to use and consults
the ITA web site
Mexican Customs law is very strict regarding proper submission and
preparation of customs documentation. Errors in paperwork can result in
fines and confiscation of merchandise as contraband. Exporters are advised
to ensure that Mexican clients employ competent, reputable Mexican importers
or customs brokers.
Importers will use a customs broker (a private-sector provider of services)
of choice to obtain release of the merchandise. The customs agent will
provide to importers all necessary information relating to applicable duties
and non-tariff regulations.
Terms of Sale
CIF- (Cost, Insurance, Freight) to a named overseas port of
import. A CIF quote is more meaningful to the overseas buyer because it
includes the costs of goods, insurance, and all transportation and miscellaneous
charges to the named place of debarkation.
C&F- (Cost and Freight) to a named overseas port. The price
includes the costs of goods and transportation costs to the named place
of debarkation. The cost of insurance is born to the buyer.
FAS- (Free Alongside) at a named U.S. port of export. The price
includes cost of goods and charges for delivery of the goods alongside
the shipping vessel. The buyer is responsible for the cost of loading onto
the vessel, transportation, and insurance.
Who’s Responsible for Costs Under Various Terms? -
diagram
Language Skills Can be a Great Asset in Developing a Career in Global Trade
Suppose that you seek a career using your Spanish-language skills.
You wants to know if countries like Costa Rica impose language requirements
on their labels
You look on the TIC site: http://www.trade.gov/td/tic/
There are no general requirements in Costa Rica for marking the origin
of general merchandise.
* Costa Rican food labeling regulations follow the Codex Alimentarius,
and require the following specifications:
All domestic and imported food products contain labeling in Spanish:
product name, - list of ingredients in quantitative order, nutritional
content, name and address of importer, expiration or best-used-by
date, and weight
INTERNET GUIDE TO EXPORT TRADE LEADS
Suppose you wanted to gather information on trade leads:
http://www.trade.gov/td/tic/
Select Export Resources, then Internet Trade Leads.
There is a listing of trade leads grouped by information source, type
of matchmaking, and web site address.
Suppose you wanted to find trade leads for markets in Asia:
http://www.asiannet.com/
The Global Technology Network
http://www.usgtn.net/
For the Newly Independent States
http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/
Finding information on a specific industry’s structure
and planned networking events
Suppose that you wanted information about pharmaceutical industry in
Russia
How is the industry structured? What types of laws are in place?
What types of trade shows have been held?
http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/isa/isa-med.htm
Russia: Government Takes Measures to Regulate the Pharmaceutical Market
(2/99)
DRUG SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION (Feb. 99) The drug supply problem
has been one of the most urgent problems in Russia over the last few months.
Russia has developed a significant dependance of the country on drug imports,
which in 1997 made up to 60 percent of the Russian pharmaceutical market.
After the crisis certain social groups, including senior citizens, veterans,
the disabled, and others, have lost their access to free, half-priced drugs
guaranteed and subsidized by the government. The majority of Russian families
whose income per person is about USD 20 under current circumstances are
unable to pay for 60 percent of their needs in drugs. Official statistics
point out that an estimated 200,000 diabetics throughout Russia are unable
to get free insulin because of the lack of funds for this expense in regional
and local budgets. Estimates indicate that out of an average of 300,000
patients, who die from cancer every year, about 20,000 patients could have
survived had they had money to buy efficient drugs which they could not
afford.
Getting Paid Foreign Commercial Payments
Letters of Credit
Revocable
Irrevocable
Bills of Exchange
Cash in advance
Open Accounts
Forfeiting
Export Payment Terms Risk/Cost Tradeof
Transaction Exposure
Transaction Exposure Occurs When a Company:
Has assets in one currency that it expects to convert to another to
realize a profit.
Has assets denominated in one currency that must be converted into
another at some expected value.
Borrows money in one currency that, when repaid, must be exchanged
to make repayment.
Purchase goods for resale in one currency, sells them in another, and
needs to convert the proceeds into a third currency to realize planned
profits.
Real Physical Distribution Costs Between Air and Ocean
Freight - Singapore to the United States
Suppose that we want to improve our shipping costs
between Singapore and the US
. . . And we hired you to develop a better strategy for us.
Naturally, he turns to sources like . . .
http://www.trade.gov/td/tic/
Go to Country Info, and then Asia and the Pacific
Luckily, you found that Singapore has seven Free Trade Zones (FTZ),
six for seaborne cargo and one for air cargo (Singapore Changi Airport),
within which a wide range of facilities and services are provided for storage
and re-export of dutiable and controlled goods. Goods can be stored within
the zones without any customs documentation until they are released in
the market. They can also be processed and re-exported with minimum customs
formalities.
There is also specific information on the expected agents:
Agents and Distributors *Local agents are not required, in order to
import products into Singapore. No laws regulating the relationship between
foreign firms and local agents.
*One agent or distributor is usually sufficient for the Singapore market
due to the market's small geographic size.
*Two parties are governed by the terms they initially establish in
their contract.
*Goods from US are generally imported using established trading firms
that have branches in Singapore and operate throughout Singapore's marketing
area. These firms handle sales and after-sales servicing and offer technical
and engineering assistance (after-sales support is important for establishing
a credible reputation in Singapore).
Examples of Commerce Control List Export Regulations
4997B Viruses or viroids for human, veterinary, plant, or laboratory
use, except hog cholera and attenuated or inactivated systems.
Controls for ECCN 4997B:
Unit: Report in "$ value.”
Validated License Required: Country Groups QSTVWYZ.
GLV $ Value Limit: $0 for all destinations.
Processing Code: CM.
Reason for Control: National security.
Special Licenses Available: See Part 373.
3D94F "Software" specially designed for the "development" "production,"
or "use" of items controlled by 3A80C, electronic test equipment controlled
by 3A93F, or manufacturing and test equipment controlled by 3B91F.
Controls for 3D94F: Unit: $ value Validated License Required:
Country Groups S, Z, Iran, Syria, South African
military police. Reason for Control: FP (foreign policy)
GTDU (general license): Yes, except destinations listed under validated
License Required.
Other valuable collections: US Government Web sites
http://www.bxa.doc.gov/
Bureau of Export Administration Where to find regulations and technical
information
http://www.mac.doc.gov/tcc/index.html
How complex are export documents? What is an FTZ?
http://www.tradeport.org/ts/
The market research section provides country and industry data and
hyperlinks
U.S. Customs Service
http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/
The U.S. Customs Service is responsible for ensuring that all goods
entering and exiting the United States do so in accordance with all applicable
U.S. laws and regulations. Although Customs enforces these export regulations
for various other government agencies, specific
questions pertaining to commodity licensing requirements should be directed
to that lead agency. Agency information, telephone numbers, and basic commodities
which may require export licenses can be obtained by clicking on the U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration web site. That
site includes information from numerous other agencies with export control
responsibilities.
Trade Compliance Center
http://www.mac.doc.gov/tcc/tcc2/marketaccess/market_intro.htm
The TCC provides instant access to fully searchable market access information
vital to your front-end export marketing efforts, supportive data on your
rights and opportunities when seeking out foreign trading partners, and
back-end problem solving to help deal with issues encountered where market
entry and/or export expansion difficulties have been met.
Can They Help A Small Business?
Small and medium-sized exporters without overseas offices can especially
benefit from this market access database, which covers more than 100 countries.
The information helps answer questions such as, "In what trading environments might I target my exports to maximize potential benefits of market access obligations and other trade agreement commitments?" "Which market entry or export expansion strategies might I employ?" "How do I find local experts to deal with customs and other issues?”
There are four types of reports:
Country Commercial Guides
National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers
Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practices
Trade Policy Review Summaries
The Tradeport Web site
http://www.tradeport.org/ts/
http://www.tradeport.org/ts/trade_expert/infobase/basic/index.html
This web site presents A Basic Guide to Exporting
http://www.tradeport.org/ts/trade_expert/strategy/rep/eval.html
This web site presents Finding An Overseas Representative as part of
a section on Developing Your Export Strategy
Suppose You are Advising a Firm Importing into the
United States
Let’s suppose that you wants to import your “unfamiliar food product”
into the United States
How would you know what clearances to obtain from the U.S. government
One useful source is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
http://www.fda.gov/
http://www.fda.gov/oia/homepage.htm
is the guide for international business
What About Intellectual Property?
Suppose that you develop a product to export, but you are
concerned with protection of your intellectual property right?
Suppose that you want to protect an invention in several countries? Do you have to submit applications in every country?
http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/dapps/pct/pct.htm
Patent Cooperation Treaty section of the US Patent and Trademark Office
Federal Trade Commission
Suppose that you are hired to develop advertising to post on global
web sites of firms headquartered in the U.S.
http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/business.htm
Look in the “business guidance” section of the FTC Homepage
Advertising agencies or web site designers are responsible for reviewing
the information used to substantiate ad claims. They may not simply rely
on an advertiser’s assurance that the claims are substantiated. In determining
whether an ad agency should be held liable, the FTC looks at the extent
of the agency’s participation in the preparation of the challenged ad,
and whether the agency knew or should have known that the ad included false
or deceptive claims.
Internet policies are explained at this location
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/menu-internet.htm#bized
How Can I Learn More? How Can I Make This Useful?
Suppose that you would like to spend time working as an intern in a
global trade position
THE TRADE INFORMATION CENTER INTERN PROGRAM An internship at
the Trade Information Center (TIC) is an opportunity to gain exposure to
the intricacies of international trade, including the export process, federal
export assistance programs, and export promotion. The Trade Information
Center is looking for candidates who possess excellent research and writing
skills, computer literacy, and interest in international affairs and commerce.
Candidates must be enrolled students at either an undergraduate or graduate
school, and must be U.S. citizens. Internships are unpaid, however degree
credit hours through your own university can sometimes be arranged with
a minimum commitment of 20 hours per week. http://tradeinfo.doc.gov/
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |