Networking and Telecom. HW4 - 30 points Due - Nov 16th Fill in the answers to the below, in the blank lines. (type your answers..be neat). Leave the rest of the below intact, print out, and hand in to me. Make your answers BOLDFACED!! Answer the questions in your own words...dont just copy exactly from a source, or cut and paste from someplace...show that you read the material and understand it. NAME ______________________________________________ I. TCP/IP, DNS, Registration and other info As we all know, every machine in the world needs a unique name and ip number to be part of the internet (there are a few exceptions). How is this controlled/managed? A long time ago, keeping control of all systems names and ip numbers for computers on the internet, fell upon one person in the world (the net was small at that time), then as the internet grew, it fell about Stanford University to keep track of names and ip numbers assigned. Again, the internet was small in the 70s but growing fast. (I remember seeing "/etc/hosts" tables on systems, listing all the names and ip numbers for all the machines in the world on the internet, but there were only several hundred!..unlike today where there are millions). Later the Network Information Center, also called the internic, handled both ip number and domain name registration for all of the internet. But that has now changed...(the internet had grown and grown). Let see how name and ip numbers are managed world-wide.. 1. Go to the following WWW site: http://www.internic.net/ a. The InterNic is run by what organization (abbreviated ICANN) and supported by which U.S. government agency? (see bottom of main page) __________________________________________________________ b. The above web site provides information regarding ? ___________________________________________________________ (on the main page) Next, read (on the main web page) "The InterNIC FAQ". c. What is ICANN..what do they do? _______________________________________________________________ d. What is the InterNIC? _____________________________________________________________ e. What is Domain Name System (DNS)? ____________________________________________________________ f. Some domain names end with 2 letter country codes. (its in the above faq). Like .uk is united kingdom. Look in the faq and click on "View a list of all delegated ccTLDS etc..". What is .aq? _____________ What is .eg? _____________ What is .is? _____________ What is .gl? _____________ (Side note- except for .aq, I have been to all of the above countries, I hope to visit .aq sometime in the future) Go back to the main web page and read about the "Non-Technical explanation of the domain name system-why universal resolvability is important". This is a good explanation on how dns works. g. what is www.icann.org ip address ? _________________ what is meant be TLD ? ________________________ How many main root DNS servers are there in the world ? __________________ (side note: about 12 months ago, a group of hackers attacked these main DNS servers, trying to bring them down and cripple the Internet..but they only managed to bring down 2 of them) From the above, you see how ICANN/InterNIC keeps track of domain names (like: clam.rutgers.edu) and ip addresses (like 165.230.100.99) to make sure they are valid and unique in the world (internet). ICANN/Internic is really at the top level, overseeing all other sites (registers) of names and ip numbers. They handle top level decisions and coordinate all of the above. Currently, there is some discussion at the United Nations dealing with the above. The U.S. wants to continue to control the internet via ICANN, while the U.N. wants to move this internet control of names/ip numbers to be under the control of a UN reporting agency. So this is a global issue that is very relative. ---------------------------- 2. next go to http://www.iana.org a. What is iana (expand acronym)? ________________________________________________ Look under "Domain Name Services" and also look at IANA ccTLD database. Here you see some other top level domains, besides .com and .edu and .gov. b. What does .mil used for? _________________________ c. What about .aero ? ___________________________ d. What about .edu? _____________________________ e. .com ? _____________________________________ f. .org ? ______________________________________ g. Who uses the country code .de? ____________ .it? ____________ .gr? ____________ .nu? ____________ (I have been to 3 of the above 4 places..which one do you think I havent see yet...) h. Under IP Address Services (main page): There are actually 2 types of IP address in use: _______________ and ________________ THe first used 32 bit addresses...the second uses much longer address which are __________ bits long. Who assigns the ip address for North America Region ? ____________ Who for African Region? ______________ i. Go back to the main page...and click on Most Popular Links and then click on "TCP and UDP Port Numbers". What port number does telnet use? ____ What port number does gopher use? ____ ntp? ____ imap? ____ http? ____ As we talked about in class, port numbers are integer numbers, that everyone agrees upon, that are assigned to various services/applications that run under tcp/ip. Like email (smtp) is port number 25. Does everyone know what telnet, gopher, ntp and imap are (what type of service)? (a retorical question, no need to answer) --------- 3. Next go to http://www.arin.net/ this new organization provides registration for: (see "About Us") a. _______________________________________ (when they say Internet Numbers...they are really talking about IP numbers) b. in what areas _____________________________________? c. ARIN stands for ___________________________________. d. Finally, go back to arins main page, and use their "search whois" lookup service at the top of the page. Do a whois search on 128.6.0.0 what site matches this ip number ? ______________________ (orgname) what about 165.230.0.0 ? ___________________ Sounds familiar? That shows that this university has 2 ip number classes (which only very large universities or corporations have). The WHOIS search is a very popular way to find out the identify of who owns various ip numbers... Thus ARIN is more involved with registering IP numbers and falls under IANA and ICANN. **************************************************************************** **************************************************************************** II. RFC Go to http://www.ietf.org (see "Overview of the IETF") a. What does IETF stand for? ____________________________ b. What/who are they? (look under overview of IETF) ___________________________________________________________ Go back to the main page and look under the RFC Pages, c. What is an RFC (what does it stand for ) ? _________________________ Go into the IETF repository, and look up the following RFC: RFC 1883 d. What is the rfc about? ____________________________ e. Part of this spec is to increase the size of the ip address from the current IPv4 ________________ bits to IPv6 ______________________ bits. f. What are the main changes between ipv4 and ipv6 (just summarize the categories): ___________________________________________________ **************************************************************************** **************************************************************************** III. Ethernet Addresses 1. Next, you may think the above explains how ip address and domain names are managed on the internet. But what about MAC/Ethernet addresses? We already know that every machine not only has a unique name and ip address to be part of the internet, but also a unique ethernet address that is burnt into the NIC. Various hardware (nic) manufacturers need to have the ethernet addresses they used coordinated centrally..so they each use unique addresses. go to: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/forms/ a. Which organization manages/coordinates ethernet addresses? _____________________________________________ b. Expand the above acronym (their name)? _______________________________________________ c. Another name for Ethernet Address (or MAC address) as shown on the above page is: ________________________________________________ d. what is the cost for a yearly confidential renewal fee? __________________________________ **************************************************************************** **************************************************************************** IV. A little on Windows NT/95/98/2000/2003 networking, client-side. (we are exploring client side only, in the below. Not the server side. You will see the server-side in the class lab later) 1. In room 132 BSB, we have many windows XP clients (pc's) in our labs. Sit down at one of them, and login. It takes a few minutes for these system to startup. Once on, you should see a string of icons on the left of your desktop. One is called "My Computer" which lets you view various parts of the computer (c: drive, a: drive, network mappings, etc..). More interesting is the icon called "Network Neighborhood" or "My Network Places". This gives you a view of the network this system sees. Double click on this (My Network Places). Next select "Entire Network" and then "Microsoft Windows Networks". a. What servers do you see listed (give their names) ? (these would be servers that your clients can see on the local network) ________________________________________________________ Go into "Start --> Programs --> Accessories and Pick "Command Prompt" which should open up a dos/command window. Type in the "net use" command to see what drive letters are in use. b. What servers do you see already mapped to your client? _____________________________________ c. What drive letters are already in use ( mapped to a server)? _______________________________________ Pick a drive letter that is currently not in use (not mapped). This is also called a "virtual drive letter". Normally, the k: drive is not mapped, so we should be able to use that. I will use k: as my example below, but it can be any unused (unmapped) drive letter. At the dos command prompt, enter "k:". d. What error message do you get? why? ______________________________________________ Also try to get a directory listing of that drive letter: "dir k:". e. What error message do you get? why? _______________________________________________________ Now, lets try the "net use" command to do some drive mapping: (this is a command line approach..non-gui) Open up the MS-DOS Prompt Window (Go into "Start" and pick "Programs" and then "DOS/Command Prompt"). At the dos prompt, type "net use". f. Is the above drive letter (k:) in use? ______________ g. Enter at the dos command window "net use k: \\camden-nt2x\win95c" ENTER THIS EXACTLY!!!! (I am assuming k: is not in use, if it is, use a different drive letter with the above command. camden-nt2x is a windows 2000 server (it was a nt server in the past). win95c is a sharename.) Does the above work successfully? _________________- h. Now type in "net use" You should now see k: properly mapped. Does this work? ___________________________ i. Next try dir k: What files/folders do you see (name some)? [note- all the files/folders you see are actually coming from the server] _____________________________________________ j. Next type in "net use k: /delete" and then check this with another "net use" to see the current drive mappings. Is k: still mapped? ____________________________ So the above "net use" command is the command line method to see if any drives are mapped and also to create a mapping from your client to the server using a virtual drive letter. And can also be used to remove/delete a drive mapping. Now lets repeat the above with a gui tool approach instead of using the command (net use) to map a virtual drive letter. Close the dos/command prompt window. k. Right click on My Computer (icon on upper left of screen). Pick "Map Network Drive". What drive letter does it give you to use by default? _____________________ Again, this is your virtual drive letter. l. Now map the above drive letter to \\camden-nt2x\win95c Click finish. This may take a few seconds..wait.. Does it work? What happens on the screen? _________________________ m. Now double click on My Computer. This shows you all local hard drives and also network attached virtual drives. Change the view to use icons (View pull down menu --> Icons). Do you see the above mapping listed? ______________________(yes/no) If you double click on the above drive, you will again see all the folders/files from the server. n. Now right click on My Computer and pick "Disconnect Network Drive". And then select the above drive you mapped and disconnect it. Did this work? ______________________________ Check under MY Computer, the above drive should also be gone. (make sure the view is set to icons..so you have a clear picture) NOTE - this is similar to the "net use k: /delete" option. When done, dont forget to sign off the system (go into "start" and pick "shutdown" to logoff)... Thus you have seen two ways to map a virtual drive letter from the client to the server, and access files on the server. Using the "map network drive" gui tool or use the "net use" command. Both are done on the client-side. And both work and do the same thing. note- this is the client side only. The server had to "share" the appropriate folders ahead of time, for this to work. note- finally, none of the above is typed in and done by normal users. They dont have to understand any of this..its all transparent to the typical user. Only the IT person (system and network administrators) have to know the above. All of the above commands are put into scripts (the command line "net use") so that when the clients boot up, the mappings are done automatically behind the scenes. **************************************************************************** ****************************************************************************