We have been studying polychronicity for numerous years, drawing on Edward T. Hall's seminal work in anthropology. Over the years, we have published empirical studies, qualitative work, drawings of time, literature reviews, and numerous approaches to scale development. Here is a sample of our work illustrating various approaches to the topic.
Please contact us if you would like a reprint of a specific article.
Links to full-text articles:
Kaufman-Scarborough, Carol and Jay D. Lindquist
(1999), "The Polychronic Attitude Index: Refinement and Preliminary Consumer
Marketplace Behavior Applications," 1999 American Marketing Association
Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings, Marketing Theory and Applications,
Volume 10, edited by Anil Menon and Arun Sharma, 151-157.
Bibliography on Polychronicity (Refereed Journals)
Lindquist, Jay D. and Carol Kaufman-Scarborough (2004), "Polychronic Tendency Analysis: A New Approach to Understanding Women's Shopping Behaviors", forthcoming in the Fall issue of the Journal of Consumer Marketing.
Kaufman-Scarborough, Carol and Jay D. Lindquist (2003), “Understanding the Epxerience of Time Scarcity: Linking Consumer Time Personality and Marketplace Behavior”, Time & Society, Volume 12, No. 2/3, 349-370.
Kaufman-Scarborough, Carol (2003), "Two Perspectives on The Tyranny of Time: Polychronicity and Monochronicity as Depicted in Cast Away," Journal of American Culture, Volume 26 (1) , 87-95.
Kaufman-Scarborough, Carol and Jay D. Lindquist (1999), “Time Management and Polychronicity: Comparisons, Contrasts, and Insights for the Workplace," Journal of Managerial Psychology, special issue on Polychronicity, Vol. 14, Numbers 3 /4, 288-312.
Kaufman, Carol Felker and Paul M. Lane (1997), “Understanding Consumer Information Needs: The Impact of Polychronic Time Use,” Telematics and Informatics, special issue ed. Ruby Roy Dholakia, Vol. 14, No. 2, 173-184.
Kaufman, Carol Felker and Paul M. Lane (1996), "A New Look at One-stop Shopping: A TIMES Model Approach to Matching Store Hours and Shopper Schedules," Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 13, n 1, 5-24.
Kaufman, Carol Felker and Paul M. Lane (1996), "Time and Technology: The Growing Nexus," in New Infotainment Technologies in the Home: Demand-Side Perspectives, edited by Ruby Roy Dholakia, Norbert Mundorf, and Nikhilesh Dholakia, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 128-149.
Kaufman, Carol Felker and Paul M. Lane (1994), "Shopping 24 Hours a Day: A Consumer Need or a Losing Strategy?" Journal of Shopping Center Research, New York City: International Council of Shopping Centers Educational Foundation, 81-160.
Bluedorn, Allen C., Carol J. Kaufman, and Paul M. Lane (1992), "How Many Things Do You Like to Do at Once? An Introduction to Monochronic and Polychronic Time," The Academy of Management Executive, 17?26. Also reprinted in Francesco, Anne Marie and Barry Allen Gold (1998), International Organizational Behavior: Text, Readings, Cases, and Skills, Prentice-Hall Business Publishing.
Kaufman, Carol J., Paul M. Lane, and Jay D. Lindquist (1991), "Exploring More than Twenty-Four Hours a Day: A Preliminary Investigation of Polychronic Time Use," Journal of Consumer Research, 18 (December), 392-401.
Kaufman, Carol J., Paul M. Lane, and Jay D. Lindquist (1991), "Time
Congruity in the Organization: A Proposed Quality of Life Framework,"
Journal of Business and Psychology, in Special Issue on Quality-of-Life
Studies in Marketing and Management, Ed. M. Joseph Sirgy, Vol. 6 No. 1
(Fall), 79-106.