Multiple Choice Questions.  Choose the one best answer and mark it on your answer sheet.

1. Studies have generally shown that:
 a. the more cops on the street, the lower the crime rate
 b. more cops reduce the crime rate only if they are in focused programs

2. Repeal of the rules excluding consideration of improperly obtained evidence:
 a. would probably cut the crime rate significantly
 b. would probably have little effect on the crime rate

3. Faster response time by police:
 a. will probably cut the crime rate
 b. will probably make little difference

4. Samuel Walker, the author of our text, believes that the "killer drunk" is:
 a. largely a myth
 b. a real phenomenon that needs to be confronted

5. The latest research on arrests for domestic violence shows that:
 a. it is effective in reducing the rate of offenses
 b. there is no consistent evidence that it deters future violence

6. Studies show that preventive detention laws:
 a. are overused by judges
 b. are infrequently used by judges

7. The biggest ethical problem with selective incapacitation is:
 a. predicting which criminals are most likely to repeat their crimes
 b. finding room in the mails for everyone who should be incapacitated

8. Samuel Walker argues that speedy trails:
 a. can reduce pretrial crime while preserving constitutional rights
 b. are likely to be ineffective in reducing pretrial crime

9. Walker believes that selective incapacitation:
 a. is a realistic policy option    b.  is not a realistic option

10. Walker favors mandatory sentencing laws:   a.  true   b.  false

11. Walker thinks that "3 strikes" laws are:   a.  great   b.  good if administered properly        c. terrible

12. Walker thinks that:
 a. far too many criminals get off through "loopholes" in the law
 b. loopholes are greatly exaggerated

13. Walker argues that abolishing plea bargaining would reduce serious crime:
 a. true    b.  false

14. Walker thinks that the "Willie Horton" case:
 a. alerted the public to a serious policy problem
 b. was misused for political campaign propaganda

15. Research on rehabilitation programs shows that:
 a. rehabilitation programs are generally effective
 b. some programs work for some offenders
 c. rehabilitation programs are generally ineffective

16. Walker argues that diversion programs, which send people to rehabilitation instead of to jail, are effective in reducing serious crime:   a.  true   b.  false

17. Walker argues that boot camps are effective in reducing serious crime: a. true b. false

18. Liberals generally argue that the criminal law in the United States:
 a. covers too much behavior
 b. does not cover enough behavior

19. The Kansas City Patrol Experiment found that which was most effective: a.  proactive patrols b.  reactive patrols   c.  it made no difference

20. The Maryland Preventing Crime recommended that additional patrol officers should be: a.  used in targeted efforts   b.  dispersed widely to cover the largest area

21. Which strategy is more likely to be effective:   a.  faster response time b.  increasing the number of officers   c.  focused officer activities d.  repealing the exclusionary rule e.  all of these are equally likely to be effective

22. Who would be most likely to favor abolishing the Miranda rule: a.  liberals b. conservatives

23. Mandatory arrest for domestic violence suspects: a.  has been proven to be effective in reducing crime   b. has not been found to be generally effective in reducing crime

24. Whose research methods were more valid:   a. Ehrlich b.  Sellin   c.  neither was valid d.  both were valid

25. "Net-widening" refers to: a.  the tendency for police to arrest innocent people who are hanging out with criminals   b.  the tendency for less punitive alternatives to be applied to people who previously had not been under any form of social control c.  the tendency for prosecutors to add charges so as to be able to plea bargain a settlement

26. Which study was most optimistic about rehabilitation programs:   a.  the Martinson study  b.  the Maryland Preventing Crime study.

27. Which places the most emphasis on meeting the needs of the victim: a.  restorative justice  b.  retributive justice.

28. Which of the following is an example of a systems analysis model: a.  the Crime Commission's Model b.  the National Drug Control Policy c.  both d.  neither

29. Which ethical theory is most relevant to the free market economy:   a.  egoistic ethics b.  group loyalty c.  feminist ethics d.  deontological ethics   e.  consequentialist ethics.

30. Which theory makes the most reliance on statistical evidence:     a.  egoistic ethics b.  group loyalty c.  feminist ethics d.  deontological ethics   e.  consequentialist ethics.

31. Which places the most emphasis on logical principles:     a.  egoistic ethics b.  group loyalty c.  feminist ethics d.  deontological ethics   e.  consequentialist ethics.

32. Which is most concerned with the best practical solution for the people involved:     a.  egoistic ethics b.  group loyalty c.  feminist ethics d.  deontological ethics   e.  consequentialist ethics.

33. Which is most sensitive to relationships between police officers:      a.  egoistic ethics b.  group loyalty c.  feminist ethics d.  deontological ethics   e.  consequentialist ethics.

34. The debate about abortion revolves mostly around which kind of theory:     a.  egoistic ethics b.  group loyalty c.  feminist ethics d.  deontological ethics   e.  consequentialist ethics

35. Which city is best known for "zero tolerance" or "quality of life" policing:   a.  Philadelphia b.  San Diego   c.  Los Angeles  d.  New York   e.  Chicago

36. Which city had a major corruption scandal involving false arrests by an anti-gang unit: a.  Philadelphia b.  San Diego   c.  Los Angeles  d.  New York   e.  Chicago
 

37.  Changes in organizational structures to decentralize decision making is a key part of: a.  zero tolerance policing b.  problem oriented policing c.  community policing d.  intensive firearms enforcement

38. The Diallo case involved:  a.  zero tolerance policing b.  problem oriented policing c.  community policing d.  intensive firearms enforcement

39. Which approach focuses most on "hot spots": a.  problem oriented policing b. incident oriented policing

40. Which assumes that criminals are rational actors:   a.  restorative justice   b.  deterrence theory c. community policing d.  problem oriented policing e. intensive firearms enforcement.

41. Which is most focused on the needs of victims:     a.  restorative justice   b.  deterrence theory c. community policing d.  problem oriented policing e. intensive firearms enforcement.

42. Retail Drug Market Enforcement would most likely be an example of:     a.  restorative justice   b.  deterrence theory c. community policing d.  problem oriented policing e. intensive firearms enforcement.

43. Offender's knowledge of the penalties for a particular crime is most relevant to:     a.  restorative justice   b.  deterrence theory c. community policing d.  problem oriented policing e. intensive firearms enforcement.

44. Studies show that burglars:   a.  are greatly influenced by the severity of sentences b.  are not much influenced by the severity of sentences.

45. Research shows that mandatory sentencing:   a.  is carried out well, and works well b.  is not carried out well, but is ineffective in cutting crime   c.  is generally not carried out well

46. An analysis that contrasted "driving forces" and "restraining forces" would be a: regression analysis b.  cross-tabulation analysis c.  force field analysis d.  DNA analysis

47. Which Greek word is most relevant to ethical thinking: a.  episteme b. techne c. phronesis

48. Which Greek word is most relevant to scientific thinking:  a.  episteme b. techne c. phronesis

49. In explaining trends in homicide, "policing methods" would be an: a.  endogenous variable b.  exogenous variable

50. In explaining trends in homicide, "demographic changes" would be an: a.  endogenous variable b.  exogenous variable

51. During the 1990s, homicide rates:   a. went up b.  were stable c.  went down

52. Recent reports from major US cities say that homicide rates: a.  may be going up b.  are stable   c.  may be going down

53. Which type of therapy for offenders seems to be more effective in discouraging recidivism: a.  therapy to raise self-esteem   b.  therapy to learn new ways of thinking c.  both are equally effective   d.  neither one seems to be effective at all

54. What variable is most closely correlated with the effectiveness of treatment:   a.  the qualifications of the professionals involved b.  the therapeutic modality used   c.  the length of the treatment d.  all of these are equally well correlated e.  none of these are correlated with the effectiveness of treatment

55. Consider Figure 2.1 (figures will be distributed on a separate sheet).  The correlation between murder and robbery rates would be: a. positive b. negative c. close to zero

56. According to the Figures, which type of homicide peaked in 1993 for kids under 18: a.  handgun homicide b.  other gun homicides c.  non-gun homicides d.  all of these e.  none of these

57. Which Figure disaggregates homicide trends:   a.  2.14   b. 2.15   c.  2.16   d.  all of these e.  none of these

58. According to the Figures, the homicide epidemic of the early 1990s was: a.  primarily among adults over 25   b.  primarily among youth under 25   c.  equally among both

59. In Figure 2.1, the correlation between Year and Robbery Rate would be:   a.  positive b.  negative c.  close to zero

60. In figure 2.1, the correlation between Year and Robbery rate would be negative for which time period:   a.  1975 to 1985   b.  1990 to 1998   c.  both of these   d.  neither of these

61. The article "What's so Bad About Hate" argued that: a.  penalties against hate crimes should be increased.  b.  penalties should be kept the same   c.  there should not be separate penalties for hate crimes

62. The police official interviewed in "A Nasty Business" argued that:   a.  police officers do not need to use torture to fight terrorism   b.  torture is necessary in the war against terrorism

63. The author of "Zero Tolerance Policing in New York City" argued that: a.  the New York City Police were too rigid and bureaucratic to accept change   b.  the New York City police were surprisingly successful in changing their practices

64. The author of "Zero Tolerance Policing in New York City" argued that:   a.  zero tolerance policing seems to have been effective   b.  zero tolerance policing increased complaints about the police    c.  both of the above   d.  neither of the above

65. The author of "Zero Tolerance Policing in New York City" argued that: a.  zero tolerance policing is necessary to cut crime   b.  crime was cut equally well in cities that used other methods instead

66. In the 1990s, the New York City police became:   a.  more centralized   b.  more decentralized   c.  kept about the same structure

67. The phrase "compstat" refers to: a.  comparative stratification   b.  computers and statistics   c.  composite statistics   d.  comparative methodological policing for static and active targeting

68. American criminologists believe that: a.  policing caused the drop in crime in the late 1990s b.  demographic shifts caused the drop in crime   c.  welfare reform caused the drop in crime   d.  drug treatment caused the drop in crime   e.  no single factor caused the drop in crime

69. Which city has placed more emphasis on community policing:   a.  New York b. San Diego
 

Questions from Test two:

1. The term hysteria refers to: a.  rational factors b.  irrational factors c.  both d.  neither
2. According to the chapter on drugs and crime in our text, which has been increasing in recent years:   a.  drug use as measured in the National Household Survey  b.  serious drug abuse leading to hospital admissions  c.  both   d.  neither
3. Walker, the author of our text, believes that drug war interception:  a.  is likely to succeed  b. may succeed or fail depending on how well it is implemented  c.  is likely to fail
4. The frequency of use of particular drugs such as heroin and cocaine:   a.  has grown steadily ever since they were introduced  b.  has peaked and then declined   c.  has declined steadily after an initial burst of heavy use
5. The dependent variable in the Performance Measures of Effectiveness (PME) model is:   a.  supply of drugs  b.  demand for drugs  c.  both of these  d.  neither of these
6. The Performance Measures of Effectiveness measures drug use against:  a.  a statistical prediction of what trends would likely be without intervention   b.  targets or goals agreed to by Congress   c. patterns in previous years  d.  patterns in other countries
7. Which of the following efforts measured in the Performance Measures of Effectiveness study is "on target":  a.  reducing drug-related crime  b.  reducing heroin use   c.  reducing cocaine use   d.  all of these   e.  none of these
8. Over the last few years, the age of average use of marijuana, cocaine and heron:   a.  has increased significantly  b.  has decreased significantly c.  has stayed about the same
9. What did the Performance Measures of Effectiveness report say about the overall effectiveness of their strategies:   a.  they said they were generally on target    b.  they said they were off target but that things would have been even worse without their policies   c.  they reported only statistics on specific crimes, without giving an overall evaluation of the strategy
10. The movie "Reefer Madness" portrayed marijuana use in:   a.  a black community  b.  a multiracial community  c.  a white community
11. The movie "Reefer Madness"  portrayed marijuana as:  a.  a threat to the innocence of American youth  b.  a harmless recreational drug  c.  a highly addictive substance  d.  a problem primarily among minorities
12. A social movement is:   a.  a statistical trend  b.  a collective effort to change society  c.  a systematic governmental effort to reach targets
13. Colonel Williams, the former Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police:   a.  denied saying that minorities were largely responsible for many drug offenses   b.  said that his statements about minorities and crimes were based on official government reports
14. Colonel Williams:  a.  denied that the State Police used racial profiling  b.  said that racial profiling was a necessary tool in the fight for a drug free America
15. The New Jersey State Police:  a.  won their legal defense against charges of racial profiling   b.  lost their case   c.  the case is still tied up in the courts
16. State police officers who testified in support of the racial profiling accusations against the State Police:   a. have been given promotions   b.  have ostracized and left their jobs
17. The most widely used and abused drug in America is:   a. heroin  b.  cocaine  c.  crack  d.  beverage alcohol   e.  metamucil
18. In the 19th century, before drugs were illegalized:   a.  drug abuse was a much greater problem than it is today  b.  the drug problem was about the same   c.  the drug abuse problem was much less than it is today
19. In its guidelines for debating the drug legalization issue, the Drug Enforcement Administration argued that:   a. the war on drugs is succeeding   b. the war on drugs is not achieving its goals but it would be even worse without it  c. the war on drugs is failing
20. According to Walker, the statement that "drugs are a gateway to crime":  a.  is generally supported by the evidence  b. is not generally supported by the evidence
21. Drug education problems:  a.  have been shown to be effective in reducing drug use  b.  generally are not effective in reducing drug use
22. The national Drug Control Strategy aims to:   a.  cut the supply of drugs  b.  cut the demand for drugs   c. both   d.  neither
23. Major lines of action intended to accomplish a goal are: a.  goals  b.  objectives  c.  targets  d.  measures
24. Major Directives or Directions of the National Drug Control Strategy are: a.  goals  b.  objectives  c.  targets  d.  measures
25. Means for tracking progress toward achieving the purposes of the National Drug Control Strategy are:  a.  goals  b.  objectives  c.  targets  d.  measures
26. Which of the following goals of the National Drug Control Strategy is "on target":  a.  breaking sources of supply  b. preventing drug use among America's youth  c.  reducing the health and social costs of drug use  d.  all of these  e.  none of these
27. The American Civil Liberties Union's report on traffic stops in Illinois showed that:   a.  blacks and Hispanics were stopped by police more often than their fair share of the time  b.  blacks and Hispanics were stopped less often than their fair share of the time  c.  blacks and Hispanics were stopped approximately in proportion to their numbers in the population.
28. The ACLU argued that:  a.  the statistical data definitely prove that racial profiling is taking place  b.  the data are inclusive   c.  the data prove that profiling is not taking place
29. The ACLU reported data from:   a.  Virginia  b.  Maryland   c.  California  d.  Georgia  e.  all of these
30. Studies cited by John DiIulio showed that:  a.  black and white citizens are treated pretty much equally by the criminal justice system  b.  blacks are treated more harshly  c.  whites are treated more harshly
31. Studies of racial disparities in the death penalty have shown that:  a.  there is demonstrable racism in sentencing  b.  the disparities are attributable to aggravating circumstances
32. Jury nullification refers to the practice of:  a.  not using juries in racially sensitive trials  b.  juries acquitting defendants even though they believe they committed the crime  c.  judges overruling jury verdicts when they seem to have been biased  d.  juries refusing to return a verdict
33. Crack use declined in the late 1990s because:  a. of effective police intervention  b.  of cyclical trends in drug preferences
34. Which of the following is a deontological argument:  a. people should be able to put any substance in their own bodies   b.  drug use should be curtailed because it is harmful to America's youth  c. drug prohibition should be ended because it causes more harm than good  d.  all of the above   e.  none of the above
35. Which of the following is a consequentialist argument:  a people will be healthier if they do not use illegal drugs b.  drug use should be curtailed because it is harmful to America's youth  c. drug prohibition should be continued because crime and social problems would increase without it  d.  all of the above   e.  none of the above.
 
Short Answer Questions.  Write your answer legibly in the space provided.

 
37.  Summarize the major findings of the "Performance Measures of Effectiveness" study.  What policy implications can be drawn from them?

37. What was the recommendation of the 1973 National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse with regard to marijuana?

38. What were the major arguments in the essay "Thinking About Drug Legalization" published by the Cato Institute?

39. What were the major points in the essay "The "War on Drugs":  A Continuation of the War on the African-American Family" by Mary F. Hall?
 
 

Multiple choice items from test 3:

1. Which side would be more likely to argue a consequentialist rather than a deontological definition of terrorism:   a.  Israeli   b.  Palestinian
2. According to US State Department Regulations, terrorism can be conducted by: a.  subnational groups   b.  clandestine agents   c.  governments   d.  all of the above e.  "a" and "b" but not "c"
3. Caleb Carr, in The Lessons of Terror, argued that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States: a.  were terrorism   b.  were not terrorism
4. In his testimony to congress, Jerrold Post argued that: a.  most terrorists display serious psychopathology   b.  most terrorists do not display serious psychopathology
5. Jerrold Post argued that: a.  terrorists rely on the psychological mechanisms of externalization and splitting b.  terrorists are deficient in the skill of externalization and splitting
6. Post argued that: a.  terrorist rhetoric is highly varied in quality and tone b.  terrorist rhetoric is highly consistent in quality and tone
7. In the last decade, which type of terrorism has become more frequent:   a.  leftist anti-capitalist terrorism b.  non-religious cult group terrorism c.  ethnic and nationalist terrorism
8. Leftists Noam Chomsky and Ed Herman argue that: a.  the United States is primarily a perpetrator of terrorism   b.  the United States is primarily a victim of terrorism
9. Terrorists, according to H.H.A. Cooper, are people who: a.  cannot accept an imperfect world b.  believe that the modern world is too perfect
10. "Eschatology" refers to: a.  the science of making bombs b.  the psychology of extremist beliefs c.  beliefs about salvation from sin d.  beliefs about an afterlife   e.  beliefs about the end of the world
11. Leftist terrorism in Western Europe was most active: a.  in the 1970s   b.  in the 1980s c.  in the 1990s   d.  it was equally active in all these decades
12. Leftist ideology:   a.  is reformist   b.  is revolutionary   c.  has both reformist and revolutionary tendencies
13. Which of the following groups had a "nihilist" view of the world: a.  the Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhoff Gang)   b.  the Red Brigades c.  the Weather Underground d.  all of the above e.  none of the above
14. Nihilism emphasizes:   a.  criticism of the existing world   b.  a vision of a better world c.  both equally d.  neither
15. Bommi Baumann gave abandoned his terrorist career because:   a.  he found it interfered with his love life b.  the police caught him c.  he became disillusioned with socialism d.  he decided to go back to school to become a dentist e.  he became a religious believer
16. Tamil Eelam is located:   a.  in Africa  b. in the Middle East b.  in the Indian Ocean d. in the Indonesian archipelago e.  none of the above
17. What language do the Tamils speak?  a.  Sinhalese b.  Tamil c.  Arabic d.  Hindi e.  Greek
18. What religion do most Tamils practice?  a.  Buddhism b.  Hinduism c.  Islam d.  Christianity  e.  Zoroastrian
19. Who is the leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam: a.  Bommi Baumann b.  Abdullah Ocalan   c.  Antonio Negri d.  Carlos Marighella e.  Velupillai Prabhakaran
20. Who wrote the "Mini-Manual of the Urban Guerilla":  a.  Bommi Baumann b.  Abdullah Ocalan   c.  Antonio Negri d.  Carlos Marighella e.  Velupillai Prabhakaran
21. Who is a prisoner at Rebibbia Prison in Rome:   a.  Bommi Baumann b.  Abdullah Ocalan   c.  Antonio Negri d.  Carlos Marighella e.  Velupillai Prabhakaran
22. Who was a Professor of Political Science at the University of Padua:  a.  Bommi Baumann b.  Abdullah Ocalan   c.  Antonio Negri d.  Carlos Marighella e.  Velupillai Prabhakaran
23. Which of the following was considered to be a Nihilist in the opinion of the Nihilism home page:   a.  Pol Pot b.  the Baader-Meinhof gang c.  Buddha   d.  Andy Warhol e.  all of the above
24.

Multiple  Choice Items from  Test Four:

1.  As a general rule: a.  American terrorists have learned from foreign models or b. foreign terrorists have learned from American models
2. The overwhelming number of bombings in the United States: a.  are terrorist b.  are criminal
3. Groups such as "Racial Holy War" and "Dead Abortionists" would be categorized as: a. foreign groups operating on American soil   b.  revolutionary nationalists c.  the ideological right d.  the ideological life   c.  criminal groups using terrorist tactics
4. "The Weathermen" and the "Earth Liberation Front" are examples of:  a. foreign groups operating on American soil   b.  revolutionary nationalists c.  the ideological right d.  the ideological life   c.  criminal groups using terrorist tactics
5. Al Qaeda and "Jihad in America" are examples of:   a. foreign groups operating on American soil   b.  revolutionary nationalists c.  the ideological right d.  the ideological life   c.  criminal groups using terrorist tactics
6. "Terrorists" can be distinguished from "criminals" by:   a.  their tactics   b.  their violations of the law   c.  their motives   d.  their ethnicity e.  their beards
7. American "right wing extremists" are generally: a.  supportive of federal law enforcement b.  critical of federal law enforcement
8. American "left wing extremists" are generally:  a.  supportive of federal law enforcement b.  critical of federal law enforcement
9. The Turner Diaries were written by:   a.  Timothy McVeigh   b.  Tracy Turner   c.  Theodore Kaczynski   d.  William Peirce   e.  Bernardine Dohrn
10. Law enforcement: a.  has been highly successful in solving cases of ecoterrorism b.  has not been very successful with these cases
11. Aum Shinrikyo is: a.  the name of a terrorist group in the United States   b. the name of a terrorist group in Japan   c.  Ted Goertzel's pseudonym   d.  the author of "The Minimanual of the Urban Guerilla" e.  a leader of al Qaeda
12. Which terrorist use of technology was NOT anticipated in the chapter in our book:   a.  use of atomic weapons b.  use of poison gas   c.  use of computer networks   d.  smashing airliners into buildings e.  none of these were anticipated in the book
13. Recent events suggest that modern mass media:   a.  have helped international understanding by making the world a "Global Village"   b.  have increased regional hatreds by making the world a "Global Village"
14. Osama bin Laden:   a.  makes use of modern communication technology   b.  communicates through traditional Moslem techniques such as scrolls and chants
15. Which tends to denounce capitalism and free markets:   a.  the left wing   b. the right wing
16. Which tends to denounce Jews and homosexuals:    a.  the left wing   b. the right wing
17. The phrase "militia" refers to:   a.  a citizen army   b.  organized criminals   c.  a guerilla band d.  Army special forces units   e.  a bacterial warfare agent
18. When we compared coverage on al Jazeera with CNN, we found that:   a.  they presented conflicting facts b.  their facts were similar but the language was different c.  their facts and their language were both similar
19. Yassir Arafat's formal position is that:   a.  suicide bombings are wrong   b.  suicide bombings are justified when the oppression is too severe to be fought in any other way
20. Yassir Arafat's wife stated that:     a. she would be proud to have her son martyr himself as a suicide bomber, if she had a son   b.  she believes suicide bombings are morally wrong
21. Israeli and American experts believe that:   a.  the recent Israeli actions on the West Bank may end suicide bombings   b.  they may reduce suicide bombings but not end them c.  they probably will have no effect on the number of suicide bombings d.  they will probably increase the number of suicide bombings
22. The Israelis maintain that their actions are ethically justifiable because:   a.  they kill fewer people than the other side does b.  they try not to kill any more innocent people than they have to   c.  their cause is so just that is justifies whatever actions are necessary
23. The Palestinian groups that sponsor suicide bombers argue that their actions are ethically justifiable because:  a.  they kill fewer people than the other side does b.  they try not to kill any more innocent people than they have to   c.  their cause is so just that is justifies whatever actions are necessary
24. United Nations spokesman Terje Roed-Larsen, in resonse to the Israeli attack on the Jenin refugee camp, said: a.  there was no justification for the attack   b.  the attack may have been justified, but the means used were not   c.  neither the attack nor the means used were justified
25. Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon refered to Yassir Arafat at:   a.  a worthy opponent b. a weak leader who is unable to control his own organization  c.  an aging statesman who needs to pass the torch to a new generation d.  a bloodthirsty butcher
26. Velupillai Prabhakaran is from: a.  Afghanistan b.  Palestine c.  Sri Lanka d.  Saudi Arabia  e Egypa
27. Prabhakaran: a.  has stated he is willing to negotiate a settlement b.  has stated that only unconditional agreement to his demands can be considered
28. The statement:  "the deliberate taking of innocent life is wrong, regardless of cause or grievance," is: a.  a deontological argument   b.  a consequentialist argument
29. The statement: "men, women and children are justifiable targets if they are forces of occupation against an oppressed people" is:  a.  a deontological argument   b.  a consequentialist argument
30. The statement: "men, women and children are justifiable targets if killing them will end an oppressive system that kills even more people" is a:  a.  a deontological argument   b.  a consequentialist argument
31. Al Qaeda prisoners being held in the Guantanamo Naval Base in Cuba: a.  have confessed to a large number of illegal acts   b.  have not confessed to many terrorist acts themselves but have testified about acts by others   c.  have not confessed to many terrorist acts by themselves or by others.
32. The government is developing a legal doctrine to:   a.  prosecute al Qaeda members for membership in the group b.  prosecute them only for specific acts
Short Answer Questions.  Write your answer legibly in the space provided.