1. Looking at Table 5.2, which
category of victims had the highest rate of homicide victimization over
the period from 1980-1995? a.
black male b. white male c.
black female c. white female
We know the black males had the highest rate
because the mean was higher. The mean measures the average tendency.
2. Which category had the largest
variation in its homicide victimization rate from year to year?
a. black male b. white male
c. black female c. white female
The standard deviation or SD is the measure of
variation. Checking the table we see that the black males had the
largest SD also.
3. Trends in homicide victimzation
among which group went down the most sharply from 1980-1995? a.
black male b. white male c. black female
c. white female
The beta or b coefficient is a measure of the
shape of the trends, how much they go up or down. In this case the
beta for black males was -1.8, much higher than for any of the other groups.
4. Which statistic is a
measure of variation: M
Sd AdjR2 b
standard deviation is always a measure of variation.
The M or mean measures central tendency or average. The Rsquare measures
the extent to which the data points fit a straight line. The
b measures the slop of the line, up or down.
5. Which statistic is a
measure of the trend over time: M Sd
AdjR2 b
The Rsquare measures how consistent a trend there
is over time.
The b measures how strongly the trend goes either
up or down.
6. Looking at Table
5.3, male homicide offenses went down most among which group:
a. black b. white.
This is Table
5.3, not Figure 5.3, e.g., on page 141. We could compare the b coefficients
as the measure how how sharply the trend went down. It is much stronger
for blacks.
7. Looking at Figure 9.1,
which year had the highest "b" for the trend regression line: a.
1955-1965 b. 1965-1975
c. 1975-1985 d. 1985-1995
b measures the slope of the line, the higher
the steeper. Looking at the graph, we see the trend is sharply up
for the period from 1965 to 1975, so this would have the highest b coefficient.
8. Looking at Figure 9.2,
which period had the highest "b" for the regression line with year as the
independent variable and %18-24 as the dependent variable:
a. 1965-1980 b. 1980-1988
The line is sharply up for this period, so it
has the highest b.
CLOSED BOOK. Once we have
finished the open book questions, we will have some closed book multiple
choice questions such as.
9. Homicide in the last twenty years has declined steadily among: a. juveniles b. adults c. both d. neither
10. Multiple regression studies of the effects of capital punishment on homicide rates showed that: a. capital punishment cuts homicide rates b. capital punishment does not cut homicide rates c. some showed one thing, some showed the other
11. Dr. Goertzel argued that multiple regression has proved an effective tool for resolving causal controversies in criminal justice research. a. true b. false
12. The N.Y. Times Magazine article on hate crime legislation argued that: a. such legislation is a good thing b. such legislation is well intended but not a good idea
13. The argument that "drugs should
be legalized because we have not been successful in suppressing them" is
based on which kind of logic: a. deontological
b. teleological
deontological
arguments are abstract principles, not testable through any kind of empirical
data
teleological
arguments are statements about costs and benefits to society, and are testable
with data.
This is a teleological
argument, it does not say "drugs are wrong" or "drugs are a choice one
should be able to make" which would be deontological. It asserts
something testable, verifiable, a measureable outcome.
14. The argument that "drugs should be legalized because people have a right to put whatever substances they want into their own bodies" is based on which kind of logic; a. deontological b. teleological
15. Dr Goertzel argued that the most productive approach in criminal justice research is to: a. disaggregate trends b. aggregate the trends into one comprehensive equation
16. The "Diminishing Returns" study argued that: a. the states that imprisoned more people had greater declines in crime rates b. the states that imprisoned more people had greater increases in crime rates c. there was no clear correlation between the rate of imprisonment in a state and the crime rate.
17. The principle of "respect
for persons" is based on which ethical principle: a.
egoistic b. group loyalty c.
deontological d. teleological
These terms come
from the Belmont Report on the Ethics of Research. Egoistic ethids
might also lead to this, if you also respect the rights of other people.
18. The principle of "beneficence"
is based on which ethical principle: a. egoistic b.
group loyalty c. deontological d. teleological